Do running, swimming, and cycling require the same effort and produce the same effects?

As summer draws to a close it’s common to start the process of getting in shape, whether with a family member or a group of friends. To buy some new sportswear and become active — whether on a bike, in the mountains, or when commuting to work; in the pool, because the water eases joint pain; or by going for a run for the feeling of freedom. The reality is that all three activities encourage you to move and exercise, although the body does not respond the same way to each. At first they may feel like equivalent aerobic efforts, but running, swimming, and cycling are all good for health while producing different effects on the cardiovascular system, bones, and muscles, and on long-term adherence to exercise.

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